Some of us, web developers, are trying to stick with the standards established by the W3C for markup documents. We want browsers to interpret our documents in a standard way instead of having to write dirty quirks for each browser (especially Internet Explorer).
In the World Wide Web, we have seen a tendency to shift from HTML 4.01 documents to XHTML pages. Sometimes the transition is easy, bt some other times, things that seemed normal in one specification are invalid in the other.
Let's take a look at the <script></script> tag. We use this commonly to write Javascript code. Sometimes, we need the code to be inside the (X)HTML document instead of having a separate .js file (for whatever reason). When trying to validate XHTML documents that contain Javascript code in the W3C validator, we come upon some strange errors. Let's look at the following example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>My Document</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
function initScript() {
myArray[0] = "Element 0";
myArray[1] = "Element 1";
for(var i=0;i<myArray.length;i++) {
alert(myArray[i]);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="javascript:initScript();">
<div>Hello World</div>
</body>
</html>If we try to validate this document at
http://validator.w3.org/#validate_by_input
we get 6 errors. All of them suggest that the Javascript code is being interpreted by the validator as HTML code (and therefore by a standard-compliant browser). The solution to this problem is to tell the validator/browser that the Javascript code should be interpreted as Character Data (CDATA) and not as some strange HTML entity.
I found different methods online to tell this to the validator, but the best one that I found was at
http://javascript.about.com/library/blxhtml.htm
We enclose the Javascript code using:
/* <![CDATA[ */
Javascript code;
/* ]]> */
For my example, the final document would look like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>My Document</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
function initScript() {
myArray[0] = "Element 0";
myArray[1] = "Element 1";
for(var i=0;i<myArray.length;i++) {
alert(myArray[i]);
}
}
/* ]]> */
</script>
</head>
<body onload="javascript:initScript();">
<div>Hello World</div>
</body>
</html>
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